The Three Theoretical Components Of Long Term Memory

POLLYANNA PATRIOTA DE ALMEIDA What are the three theoretical components of long term memory? For each component, describe a related clinical case of amnesia. Beyond the short intervals covered by sensory and working memories, the possible subdivisions of long-term memory have been controversial. However, the distinction between explicit and implicit memory has been generally incorporated into the accepted conceptual anatomy of memory researchers. Explicit memories are those for which the individual can retain an awareness of the circumstances of the event recalled. Implicit memories involve no conscious awareness but nevertheless, changes in the performance of subject in other ways show that the original event modified subsequent performance. The distinction between episodic and sematic memory was introduced by Tulving (1972) Tulving suggested that episodic memory was a system that received and stored information about when and where they had occurred. On the other hand, semantic memory was seen by Tulving as the memory necessary for the use of language. Tulving (1972) drew a distinction between episodic memory which contains a record of personally experienced events that have happened to us, and semantic memory which contains our general knowledge of the world and is more abstract in form. He considered these as a separate memory store, and in 1985 added a third store called procedural memory. Procedural memory according to Tulving (1985) is involved in tasksShow MoreRelatedThe Theoretical Framework Of Wm917 Words   |  4 Pagesis because of a deficit in her memory, specifically her working memory (WM). While memory is defined as the â€Å"storage of things learned and retained from an organism’s activity or experience† (Merriam-Webster, 2015), WM can be described as the cognitive systems that are required to temporarily store and manipulate information (Baddeley, 2012). This report provides an overview of the theoretical multicomponent WM framework as well as an in-depth look at one component of the framework, termed the phonologicalRead MoreThe Long Term And Short Term Memory1926 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam James, memory is a generalized concept that encompasses the long term and short term memory. Kendra Cherry, psychologist expert, defines long term memory as â€Å"storage of information over an extended period.† (Cherry n.d.) An individualâ₠¬â„¢s long term memory is structured by a semi-permanent chemical and the anatomical hippocampus. The hippocampus is in the center of both hemispheres of the brain and works in accordance with the amygdala to allow information to be imported to form memories. In relationRead MoreMemory Processses Essay examples1268 Words   |  6 PagesMemory Processes The human capacity for memory is unknown, and the process for remembering is an invisible, and therefore, an unsubstantiated concept. A discussion regarding the concepts of short-term, working, and long-term memory precedes an explanation of the encoding and retrieval in the memory processes. An evaluation of the variables associated with encoding and retrieval provides an understanding of the results from an online self-administered memory test. Although online memory assessmentsRead MoreBuilding Clock Speed Vs. Processor s Errand806 Words   |  4 Pages(CPU) or processor s errand is to Fetch guidelines, and to decode what to do, execute the appeal, and Store the results. To build clock speed, these three stages must be separated. This is with the goal that you don t need to hold up for each line in the processor to settle for the aftereffect of each direction. Much like a sequential construction system, each one piece of the guideline is decoded and sent through the processor in stages along the pipeline. More stages means speedier clock speedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Ptsd1335 Words   |  6 Pagesis an anxiety disorder that can occur after the exposure to a traumatic event. It affects approximately 1 million Australians in any one year, and 12% of Australians will experience PTSD symptoms in their lifetime (Beyond Blue, 2015). A clinical component of PTSD is the painful re-experience of the traumatic event in the form of intrusive images, nightmares and flashbacks which are often accompanied with avoidant reactions and symptoms of arousal and distress (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)Read MoreThe Effect Of Music On Short Term Memory Essay998 Words   |  4 Pages The Effect of Music on Short Term Memory Jessie Eddins 12/12/16 Abstract. This experiment was tested to see whether music had an effect on short term memory. Listening to music while looking at objects will potentially distract the brain, no longer allowing it to hold the information viewed in short term memory. This experiment found that listening to music while taking in the information and listening to the same music while trying to recall the information hinders the brainsRead MoreInformation Processing And The Human Mind1468 Words   |  6 Pagesfind a way to relate the information to the knowledge in the short term memory and then store the knowledge in the long term memory; to retrieve it when need be. The way we process information such as problem solving and critical thinking with such efficiency, it is seen that we perform better than highly sophisticated machines. Even thou the human mind is so incredibly remarkable, researchers didn’t develop systematic models of memory, cognition, and thinking until the 20th century. In the 1950s, the Read MoreDifference Between Cognitive And Cognitive Psychology1389 Words   |  6 Pagescortex. The main similarity of cognitive neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience is that they are both interested in brain-damaged patients and believe that different areas of the brain are highly specialised. For example, one of the main theoretical assumptions of cognitive neuropsychology states ‘modularity’, which means the modules in the cognitive system function independently, or separately of each other. (Eysenck and Keane 2015, p.6) In addition, it is also explained that these modulesRead MoreThe Foundation Of Interaction Hypothesis By Michael H. Long2045 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Since the foundation of Interaction Hypothesis by Michael H. Long in 1983, there has been a plethora of empirical research which has pointed to the benefits that L2 learning reaps from conversational interaction (Keck, Iberri-Shea, Tracy-Ventura, Wa-Mbaleka 2006; Li 2010; Lyster Saito, 2010; Mackey and Goo 2007; Russel and Spada 2006). Long (1981, 1983) asserted that comprehensible input, although necessary, is not sufficient in the process of L2 learning, and that through interactionRead MoreArticle Review of Improve Your Childs Memory: Why Remembering Is Key to School Success2476 Words   |  10 PagesArticle Review Introduction The article, Improve Your Childs Memory: Why Remembering is Key to School Success by John Hoffman, introduces the struggle many teachers, particularly elementary school teachers have with students retaining academic related information including facts for testable material. The author cites the ability of children to remember information that is important to them but to continued to struggle with memory when it comes to instructions from the teacher. Hoffman argues

The Allegory of the Cave - 700 Words

Plato wrote â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave† in the early 300 B.C. This parable has left many scholars dumbfounded throughout centuries because of the insight Plato fills the pages within the story. It is a story of prisoners trapped in a cave, but specifically about a mans journey from ignorance to knowledge. This is the worldly take on the story—in a biblical point of view it is still a journey from ignorance to knowledge, but in a very different context. The journey from the darkness of the cave into the light of the outside world in Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† can be paralleled with the unbelievers journey into salvation. The story starts out with a group of people who have been chained and peering at a wall for all of their lives. The†¦show more content†¦After more time he is able to see things themselves and look at the moon and starts and finally the actual sun. His time outside of the cave has opened his eyes to things he never kne w existed, at this time he remembered his fellow comrades in the cave. An insert from â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave† says, â€Å"Wouldnt he remember his first home, what passed for wisdom there, and his fellow prisoners, and consider himself happy and them pitiable?† (Plato). He then travels back into the cave to spread his knowledge. This whole theme of this parable is the journey from ignorance to knowledge, but in a Christians perspective we can connect it to different stages of a person coming from darkness to salvation. Michael Belote, writer and author of â€Å"Rise of the Time Lords† states that, â€Å"Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is the closest thing to the worldview of the modern Christian as can be hoped for. Like Plato, we believe that there is a truer Reality than what we see around us today. As I argued in my book everything we know is a projection of God’s Truth onto the natural world. God is greater than our three-dimensional unive rse, and what we see here is less ‘real’ than the true Reality of His kingdom† (Belote). It is amazing that a man more than 300 years before Christ has this kind of parable. It is as if it was preparation for the coming of Christ a few centuries later. The prisoners are chained unable to moveShow MoreRelatedThe Allegory Of The Cave1086 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the allegorical significance(s) of the cave in Plato’s Republic. How is the cave an allegory of Plato’s philosophy? How is the allegory of the cave an allegory for enlightenment or philosophical education? How and why are most human beings like prisoners in a cave? Who are the puppeteers? What does the world outside the cave represent? What does the sun represent? Etc. What is Plato’s Theory of the Forms? What is a Form? How does the allegory of the cave express Plato’s Theory of the Forms? HowRead MoreThe Allegory of the Cave907 Words   |  4 Pagesman follow the law, and how do implications of society affect our behavior. The most interesting topic from the Republic is from Book VII, the allegory of the cave. With the allegory of the cave Plato gives us the power to break the chains that bind us down and leads us to see the light. In the allegory of the cave Plato sets the scene with humans in a cave that have been chained since childhood so they are restricted from moving and looking around the room. These people only see the shadows castedRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave1382 Words   |  6 Pageshis most intricate, yet his most important figure: the Allegory of the Cave. Socrates calls on the interlocutors to imagine a dimly lit cave in which a group of prisoners are chained behind a wall in such a way that they cannot move and are forced to stare at a wall all day. Thanks to a small fire, the prisoners are able to see the shadows of their imprisoners and images their imprisoners projected on the wall. Having always been in the cave, the prisoners believe the shadows are true; similarlyRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave1307 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Allegory of the Cave there are prisoners are chained up together in which they are all facing the back wall. There is a firing behind the prisoners and the onl y thing that they can see are the shadows of the people behind them. The fire casts shadows on the wall so this is the only thing that they see. Their entire lives have been based on these shadows on the wall. These prisoners have been chained up since birth, so what they see on the walls is all they know. In the Allegory of the Cave, theyRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesof philosophy in Brooklyn College, once said â€Å"The only thing we know for certain is that nothing is certain.† This is the main philosophy behind both Plato’s â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave†, and the renowned sci-fi movie â€Å"The Matrix.† Both works deal with escaping a false reality while unveiling a real one. In Plato’s â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave†, the escaped prisoner synonymous to the character Neo in â€Å"The Matrix†, exhibiting a shared theme behind both plots. Socrates suggest that with effort, all that isRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave905 Words   |  4 PagesIn the allegory of the cave Plato tries to show us two scenarios where the prisoners experience emotional and intellectual revelations throughout their lives. Plato’s theory was that the ones who truly understand knowledge should guide the ignorant people out of their unenlightened states of being and into true knowledge. The cave symbolizes the people who think that knowledge come from what they see and hear in the world. It also indicates people that make assumptions about life based on the substantialRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Essay2021 Words   |  9 Pagesrecognizable image of Plato’s Republic, the message of the allegory of the cave is present not only in Book VII, but throughout the entire dialogue. Plato-as-Socrates uses the allegory to express his views on philosophy’s role in his city of speech which is later shown more deeply with the five regimes in Book VIII. The cities in the five regimes underg o a degradation as philosophy moves further and further away from the ruler; which also mirrors the cave. Plato reveals his belief that the city and philosophyRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages 3. Explain how the Allegory of the Cave represents Plato’s views about the nature of knowledge and the nature of reality. In the Allegory of the Cave there are chained prisoners in cave who can only stare at the cave wall in front of them. At the back there is a long entrance with a staircase the width of the cave and a fire burning in the distance. They see only shadows projected in front of them from a raised platform and hear an echo that they attribute to what they observe. They talk aboutRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave1619 Words   |  7 PagesIn his allegory of the cave, Plato describes a scenario in which chained-up prisoners in a cave understand the reality of their world by observing the shadows on a cave wall. Unable to turn around, what seems to be reality are but cast shadows of puppets meant to deceive the prisoners. In the allegory, a prisoner is released from his chains and allowed to leave the cave. On his way out, he sees the fire, he sees the puppets, and then he sees the sun. Blinded by the sunlight, he could only stare downRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesThesis Allegory of Cave First what is perception and ignorance? Let us define perception as one’s view of life through rationalization of the external world and ignorance as an assumption without proof and contemplation. In the â€Å"Allegory of The Cave†, Plato uses Socrates to explain different types of people, one who sees the physical realm accepting ideas as they form and one who lives in knowledge realm by questioning those ideas. People of the knowledge realm are obligated to helps those in the

Case Study Leopard Controls Management System

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Leopard Controls Management System. Answer: Marketing professional for Leopard Controls Leopard Controls had been in the field of building management systems (BMS) for over 20 years now. But the business has been restricted to Western Australia with very little expansion. With increasing globalization it is unfortunate that a company that is extremely client oriented havent found an opportunity to grow beyond Perth and explore the world of options provided by the increasing need for environmental protection. The companys current advertising is minimum and has no active social presence. After backing the contract with Perth International Airport it has become obvious that the company is more invested in the bottom-top approach which may not be beneficial in several other organizations where contract decisions are hardly consulted with the day-to-day workers. Hence, for Leopard Controls to sustain in the current market and expand its shares it is crucial that they penetrate into international markets and find ways to gain larger contracts. Achieving the same can be done b y investing substantially in to marketing (Kotler, 2013). A marketing professional would be able to provide a better analysis of the current market scenario and present the Leopard Controls with the current market needs, the current competitors and their strategy as inputs to understand what changes need to be done with the company. Marketing has taken a back seat with Leopard Controls and hence cheap and efficient ways to increase the market scope would be provided by a marketing professional (Kotler, 2015). Potential international markets that have few competitors in BMS can be identified and the simplest market that would provide considerable returns and an opportunity to understand how business overseas happen can be used to penetrate the international waters (Czinkota, 2013). One other key concept for which a marketing view can be given is the open sourcing adopted. It is necessary to understand if this strategy is making more loss than profit. Pros and Cons of the current business strategy The current business strategy of Leopard Controls is to provide software and hardware that has open source programming implemented allowing its clients to change to any other service provider if need be. This kind of approach can be extremely sensitive as there is a need for Leopard Controls to be the best service provider at minimum cost at all times. Not compromising in regard to quality of services is always as asset to the company. But to be able to provide low price services slows down the growth of the organization. Pros: The current strategy of Leopard Controls is completely client oriented, giving the one option that none of the current BMS service providers provide. The chance to choose a different vendor in case the client is not satisfied with the company. It is obvious that any client would prefer trying on the services of a 20 year experienced provider who gives the option of reaching to other vendors if need be. Hence, the number of clients that approach are significantly high when compared to other organizations (Glasser, 2015). This approach would secure clients who are loyal and would be associated with the company for long terms since Leopard controls is not locking in the clients. This strategy also shows the confidence that the company has in its products and services, making the company a strong contender. The company uses a bottom-up selling approach which ensures that a strong bond is maintained not just with the client but also with the working staff. Cons: The business strategy of Leopard Controls is definitely innovative and provides what the current market lacks. However, there is a potential chance that the same strategy is one on the main reasons for the slow growth of the company. The strategy provides a free get away to the clients by simply stating that they are not satisfied by the services. However, the actual reason may be a better priced client. Also, the company does not have in-house expertise that can develop open source equipment leading to the need of external vendors. If the company started using proprietary equipment, the company can establish their own assembly line for these products making the cost of production significantly low. Retention of clients can be a difficult task in this kind of scenarios since it is necessary that the services have to be at the best quality at all times (Goetsch, 2014). It is not just the equipment but also the customer support has to have a strong presence (Gilmour, 2013). The need to please the clients is much higher. Also, the company has to ensure that the services are provided at a competitive price when compared to other contenders decreasing the revenue substantially. References Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013. International marketing. Cengage Learning. Gilmour, P., Borg, G., Duffy, P.A., Johnston, N.D., Limbek, B.E. and Shaw, M.R., 2013. Customer service: differentiating by market segment. International Journal of Physical Distribution Materials Management. Glasser, M.D. and Meagher, J., 2014. Choice theory. Harper Collins Publishers. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Kotler, P. and Reibstein, D., 2013. Does your company really need a marketing department. Marketing News, pp.20-21. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hmonnet-Goujot, A., 2015. Marketing management (Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.