Medieval England :: essays research papers fc

Medieval England It is said that 'An apple a day keeps the dentist away.' This has become a common saying among Society today. We do not stop to think of how it reflects our outlook of Medicine in our lives. We have come to understand the value of simple practices in order to keep ourselves healthy. This is not, however, the case of Medieval England. Most 'medical practices' of the time were based upon superstition, ancient texts, myth, or the direction of the church. Medical practices of Medieval England often based upon nothing more than superstition proved unbeneficial if not harmful to the people of England. Part of the obvious problem was the fact that the common person had little care or sense for improving their own health. The life and livelihood of an average person was less than desirable even from the time of birth. In the villages chronic inbreeding must have produced many children who started life with a built in weakness, either mental or physical. Many would die in childhood, but others who grew into manhood, might drag out a useless existance, dependent on charity for their sustenance. In general, infant mortality was extremely heavy....Once the child was free to crawl about among the unsanitary rushes, with a child's natural instinct to put everything into its mouth, it is a wonder that any survived. Fromt then on disease and accident would provide ample scope for a medical service, which was virtually non-existent. (Tomkeieff 119). Furthermore, the collective knowledge (what little there was) was held and practiced by Monks in Monasteries. In summary of medical practice to the end of 1400, it may be said medicine was practiced mostly by the clerics in monasteries and the laity whose locus of operation was the apothecary shop. The physician thought surgery was beneath his dignity (to have blood on his hands and clothes) and left this to uneducated 'barbers' The practitioner carried the title 'Master,' whereas teachers carried the title 'Doctor' The physician was little advanced over the knowledge of Galen's time. They still believed in the Doctrine of four humours, making diagnoses by inspection of the blood and urine. Most of the therapeutic measures included blood letting, steam baths, amulets, spells, hexes, prayers, the king's touch, and polypharmacy known as theriaca. (Snyder 1). The problem is furthered by the fact that these 'practices' proved of little benefit. Most of these had no scientific basis and were instead rooted in superstition and/or the church. "The concern of Christian theology, on the other hand, was to cure the soul rather than the body; disease usually was

New Jersey corrections officer

Paul Leaders has been a New Jersey Department of Corrections Officer (NJDCO) for over ten years.   As a NJDCO, Paul’s role and responsibility is to â€Å"ensure the custody, safety and care of criminal offenders confined in state correctional facilities† (www.state.nj.us/corrections).  Ã‚   It is his duty to â€Å"ensure the safety and welfare of the staff and inmate population, assist in the rehabilitative efforts for those incarcerated individuals returning to the community and promote public support for the operation and objectives of the Department of Corrections† (www.state.nj.us/corrections). At the age of 25, Paul began his career with the Department of Corrections.   Before he became a full-fledge corrections office, he had to go through a screening process.   The pre-employment screening is a four phase process that includes filling out an application, taking a video test, completing a computer background assessment, a general and intensive background check, a drug test, a written psych exam, a medical exam and a psych interview.   If an interviewee gets through the screening successfully, next comes a 14 week training course at the academy and then an on the job test period (www.state.nj.us/corrections).   The pre-employment screening is vigorous to discourage those who are not serious about making the Department of Corrections their career of choice. Once Paul successfully completed his screening, his on the job test period began in a youth facility.   His eyes were opened to the harsh realities of his position when he was attacked by a 15 year-old inmate. Although, he was not seriously hurt, his perspective changed. Paul realized that to do his job to the best of his ability and to protect himself and his co-workers, he had to treat all inmates as dangerous, no matter what their age.   Throughout the years, the dangers associated with his career choice were clearly seen.   NJDOC’s are often put in a variety of sticky situations. The ratio of officers to inmates is 1 to 3 (www.njpp.org/rpt_moneyfornothing).   Since they are out-numbered, a NJDOC’s goal is to stop potentially harmful situations before they happen.   Paul learned many valuable techniques in his psychology classes during his 14-week training process. (www.state.nj.us/corrections).   It is so much easier to prevent situations from happening than to try to de-escalate a situation once it has started. Paul has found the most challenging aspect of being a NJDCO is the personal standard necessary.   An NJDCO must have a higher set of standards when the bars clang shut.   A daily part of the job includes being taunted, called out of your name, and possibly attacked.   Through all this, a NJDCO cannot retaliate.   It is not the correction officer’s place to get angry or respond in kind.   They must turn away when an inmate is purposely trying to rile them.   If an officer hurts an inmate or is caught abusing their authority, they will be fired.   The duty of a NJDCO is to uphold the laws of the penal code and treat inmates with respect. NJDCOs’ spend time at lease forty hours a week with inmates.   Officers get to know the inmates extremely well and see facets of the human psyche many people are unaware of.   â€Å"40% of NJDOC offenders were convicted of a violent offense such as homicide, sexual assault, aggravated or simple assault, robbery, kidnapping and other personal offenses (terrorist threats, coercion, larceny from a person, death by auto and negligent manslaughter)† (www.state.nj.us/corrections). Dealing with inmates intimately is no walk in the park.   Officer relationships with inmates have gone from one extreme to another.   Some officers have been charged with bringing inmates contraband and others have been charged with assault on an inmate.   The key to survival is finding the balance – living in the middle is an NJDCO officer’s way. The department of corrections has a code of ethics that must be adhered to if an officer is to last on the job.   It is necessary to hold in confidence all information gained on the job, no gifts or services can be accepted from inmates or family members and no personal or financial gain is to be made that is in conflict with duties or will impair objectivity or judgment (www.state.nj.us/corrections).   To sum it up, be honest and do your job.   Unfortunately, for some, that’s easier said than done. The Department of Corrections has a Hearing Appeals Section and an Administrative Law/Civil Employment Litigation Section that handles employee discipline/grievances and resolves cases against employees (www.state.nj.us/corrections).   Whenever a corrections officer is facing an ethical issue, representation is provided so that the officer’s rights are not violated. Of course, there are specific laws correction officers must obey and if they knowingly exceed the extent of their power then they can face a judge and possibly go to jail.   The added stress of the job decreases the correction officer’s life span to 59 years (www.jrank.org).   Therefore, it is necessary to have your guard up continuously if you want to make wise choices, get through the workday with your personal honor intact and live longer than what some researchers have predicted. The stress of the job has caused Paul to think thought about moving into a different area of law enforcement but this might require more training and schooling.   As a corrections officer, his high school diploma was all he needed, along with being a US citizen, having a valid New Jersey driver’s license, speaking English well and being able to handle the job physically and psychologically.   Although he took extra courses during training, he does not believe that will be enough for a transfer to a different department.   Paul has not investigated the move and after an especially hard day with the inmates, he promises himself that he will. Prolonged contact with inmates is the main difference between NJDCO positions and other law enforcement positions.   Policemen and detectives, for example, investigate crimes and track criminals.   They may have to face the individuals in court, but once they are locked up, their contact with the criminal is over.   A NJDCO’s contact with the criminal begins after the other law enforcement officers’ contact has ended and that contact lasts as long as the inmates’ sentence. For the first few years of his career, Paul found fulfillment on his job.   He is serving his state, providing a needed assistance, protecting the residents of New Jersey and helping his fellow officers.   Now, he can’t say that.   The stress of not knowing what will happen from day to day is extremely hard and the last few years have been a struggle.   The constant hassle of the job has become overwhelming and is causing a strain on his marriage of 2 years.   The fact that he cannot express why he dissatisfied and he does not want to talk about the job increases to the couple’s frustration. Add the fact that he cannot talk about confidential information and the situation gets dangerous.   Communication between Paul and his wife has gone from bad to worse.   Because they are planning to have children, Paul recently transferred from the youth facility to a minimum security prison.   They are hoping this change will decrease his stress and ease the strain in their relationship.   Paul believes the transfer will make a big difference in his attitude and stress level, increasing his job satisfaction. In New Jersey, the Department of Corrections is made up of minimum, medium and maximum-security prisons.   With 14 major institutions, including 8 male prisons, 3 youth facilities, 1 female prison, and one prison for sex offenders, there were plenty of facilities for Paul to choose from.   Moving to a maximum-security prison would have meant an increase in pay but for Paul, added money would have brought added stress.   This wasn’t the case when Paul’s career began but today, the salary for a corrections officer is $43,000.   The max amount for a senior corrections officer is $65,000, achieved in nine step increments (www.state.nj.us/corrections). There are over ten different promotions available to senior corrections officers, which include, Central Transportation, Correction Staff Training Academy, Critical Incident Negotiation Teams, Custody Recruitment Unit and SRP Boot Camp.   These are just some of the positions available to Senior Correction Officers (www.state.nj.us/corrections).   Although, all officers go through rigorous training that includes coursework, most officers who move into higher positions have additional schooling.   If things go well in his new position, Paul believes that one day, he may be ready to interview for one of the promotional positions. Paul believes the key to a successful career in the Department of Corrections is to walk on the job daily with a mindset of integrity and tactfulness mixed with firmness.   Inmates are people, just like you, no matter what they’ve done.   An officer cannot take their crimes lightly but an officer must, to the best of their ability, treat them with respect.   Then, do your job, have a life outside of work, leave your job at the door and choose to be happy.   That may be the key.   Paul hopes it will be the key to his future happiness and the future happiness of his family. References 2006.   Retrieved April 3, 2007 from http://www.jrank.org. Forsberg, Mary E.   Money for Nothing?   The Financial Cost of New Jersey’s Death Penalty.   November 2005.   Retrieved April 6, 2007 from http://www.njpp.org. New Jersey Department of Corrections.   1996.   Retrieved April 3, 2007 from http://www.state.nj.us/corrections.

How Successful Are Descartes Arguments for the Real...

How successful are Descartes arguments for the real distinction of mind from body? Upon which problem would you put the most weight? Descartes says the mind is distinct from the body, or anything physical for that matter. He says, a thinking substance is nonphysical or spiritual in nature (mind), and an extended substance is physical, but not capable of consciousness or thought (body). However, this very claim is also his biggest problem as his mind Ââ€" body interaction has many critics and to some, can seem invalid. This is mainly due to the challenge by those who ask how mind and body can interact if they are two different substances altogether. Over Descartes period of teaching, he has conceived many arguments to support his view of†¦show more content†¦Descartes continues with his argument of simplicity. When I think about my mindÂâ€"or, in other words, about myself insofar as I am just a thinking thingÂâ€"I cant distinguish any parts; I understand myself to be a single, unified thing. Although my whole mind seems united to my whole body, I know that cutting off a foot, arm, or other limb would not take anything away from my mind. Descartes argues that the mind is indivisible because it cannot be broken down and does not have extension. The body, as an object that can move and take up space can be divided in to many things whereas the mind is one complete substance that does not have extension and is non Ââ€"spatial. Since the mind and body are different substances with different properties, they must be able to exist independently as they must not be the same thing. Leibniz Law supports the argument and shows that the mind and body are not the same because they do not have all of the same properties. We cannot conceive of half a soul, as we can in the case of any body, however small. The mind has lots of feelings and idea, but they are all intertwined into one indivisible mind. However, if this is said, then cannot we say the same for the body, that the body and mind, different as they are, are also closely intertwined to one another? With Descartes saying that if his leg was to be cut off, nothing wouldShow MoreRelatedDescartes Arguments for Substance Dualism2259 Words   |  10 PagesDoes Descartes provide a convincing argument for the claim that mind and matter are distinct substances Descartes’ Argument For Dualism In his Meditations Rene Descartes aimed to reconstruct the whole of science by trying to prove the distinction between mind and matter. He gives an argument from doubt, and another from conceivability. I will give a brief summary of the foundations Descartes builds his thesis on, and then looking at his arguments and whether they are capable of persuading usRead MorePersonal Identity - Memory Theory vs Body Theory vs Soul Theory1634 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Identity is the closest to the truth. I will do so by showing that the opposing theories – Body and Soul Theories – have evident flaws and that the arguments against the Memory Theory can be responded to adequately. In order to succeed in this task, I will explain the basis of the three aforementioned theories are, examine the Memory Theory’s main arguments, acknowledge and respond to the arguments against it and demonstrate that the Memory Theory is the theory closest to the truth. I have includedRead M ore The Free Will in Meditations on First Philosophy by Descartes3767 Words   |  16 PagesFree Will in Meditations on First Philosophy by Descartes I In Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes takes the reader through a methodological exercise in philosophical enquiry. After stripping the intellect of all doubtful and false beliefs, he re-examines the nature and structure of being in an attempt to secure a universally valid epistemology free from skepticism. Hoping for the successful reconciliation of science and theology, Descartes works to reconstruct a new foundation of absoluteRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pagesbetween truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of how persons ought to act or if such questions are answerable. The main branches of ethics are meta-ethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. Meta-ethics concerns the nature of ethical thought, comparison of various ethical systems, whether there are absolute ethical truths, and how such truths could be known. Ethics is also associated with the idea of morality. Platos early dialogues includeRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pagesprecedes existence.† The claim â€Å"existence precedes essence† is a rejection of the idea that human nature has an end or goal. In this sense, humans are free to choose their own destiny.   * is a philosophical term which asserts that there is a distinction between essential and non-essential (contingent or accidental) characteristics of an object. Essentialism assumes that objects have essences and that an object’s identity is its essence. Aristotle distinguished between an object’s essence and itsRead MoreThe Importance of Philosophy to Engineering8110 Words   |  33 PagesAbstract Philosophy has not paid sufficient attention to engineering. Nevertheless, engineering should not use this as an excuse to ignore philosophy. The argument here is that philosophy is important to engineering for at least three reasons. First, philosophy is necessary so that engineers may understand and defend themselves against philosophical criticisms. In fact, there is a tradition of engineering philosophy that is largely overlooked, even by engineers. Second, philosophy, especially ethicsRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesNOTE ON THE TRANSLATION larly dolly in and dolly out are used rather than forward and rear. Mise en scà ¨ne is also retained in its filmic use, while staging is used to describe a stage production. The term constantif, which Metz borrowed from Austin, should be rendered by constantive and not by ascertaining (p. 25). Finally, actor to translate Greimas s concept of actant is misleading and actant is usually kept (see Ducrà ´t and Todorov, Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Sciences of LanguageRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesstructure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily reasoning is concerned not with arguments leading to truth-valued Read MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 PagesPrediction Control, and the SOGI Model Making Sense of Organisations: Metaphorical knowledge. Traditional Management: Mechanism, Rationality and Bureaucracy. Modified Bureaucracy: The Human Relations Movement and Job Design. Organisational Culture: Real and imagined. Why Work?: The motivation to get out of bed in the morning. The Politics of Organising: Goals? Whose Goals? Power and Conflict in Organisations: Pathology or Normality? Leadership and Management: The gentle art of being in charge? NegotiationRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 PagesAmbiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-On. Introduction: In Latin America, soccer is not a game; it is a way of life. It is mixed in with politics and nationalism. It defines social classes. How politically influential is soccer in Latin America? It is used by â€Å"various Latin American socio-economic elites in order to retard the acceleration of working class and popular discontent† (Bar-On 1997:1.8). Is it then not intriguing that women play

The American Psychiatric Association Eliminated...

A famous quote from Alfred Kinsey who was the one who started more depth research of sexuality and made others aware during the 1940’s and 1950’s that being a homosexual was not weird but natural. He once said, â€Å"Males do not represent two discrete populations, heterosexual and homosexual. The world is not to be divided into sheeps and goats. Not all things are black nor all things white†. Cleary, Kinsey is trying to state that there are all different species in the world but, everything shall not be judged in an offensive way but in a positive way and people cannot just judge on based on what they see. Sadly, knowing that people thought they were weird because of their sexuality was not enough, it was known through the most life until†¦show more content†¦He had to go against the world on his own and he avoided any social interaction because he did not want others to make fun of him or think he was weird. Not only, was he alone but he was without any support of any kind. A few years past and he started to feel the need to come out and tell everyone the truth about who he really was. The struggle was when he reached the age of sixteen and decided it was time to come out and tell his family that his is gay. In fact, he was very nervous because he knew his family loved him but just could not predict on how they would react. However, his family was very supportive of his choice and wanted to learn more. Then, resulted in him being hopeful that his friends would understand. Fortunately, for him both his friends and family loved him the same exact way and were very supportive in his life choices. But, he still had to deal with some ignorance and bullying by some guys who were sexist and did not care about others feelings. In addition, he believes that he is truly lucky to be living in liberal Rhode Island because he feels welcomed and not concerned in impressing no one. A hardship he found is when trying to gain more guy friends it started out slow because it was awkward and some guys were afraid he would act different or flirt with them, but this ended quickly because they started to understand he was just one of the guys that would help set them out with girls and be a greatShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform

Essay on Research Critique Part 1 - 659 Words

Research Critique Part 1 Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS-433V Mary OConnell September 5, 2013 Research Critique Part 1 This paper will critique a qualitative research study published in the Journal of Medical Ethics in 2004, By Dr Helen Aveyard, about how nurses manage patients who refuse nursing care procedures. The article explains how nurses view informed consent as not being essential to nursing care procedures. Problem Statement The clinical problem being examined in the research study is the way in which nurses obtain consent prior to administering nursing care procedures, and the way nurses manage patients who refuse any nursing care procedures. By stating that nurses â€Å"do not regard†¦show more content†¦346) Literature Review The author cites qualitative research articles and nursing education manuals and training manuals from many different authors and time periods. There were no quantitative studies cited. All research article referenced were relevant to the study, most were greater than seven years old and older. No evaluations of strengths or weaknesses were available for referenced material. The limitations of this study were named as: â€Å"data was exploratory, It was not the specific intention to explore the management of the patient who refuses care; the topic came from the inductive data analysis.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 349) It is relevant as this is a previously unexplored area of nursing.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 349) The author builds a logical argument through discussion of nursing education, and the fact that nursing education and the focus of informed consent in nursing education is on the nurse’s role in obtaining consent prior to medical procedures and research procedures, and not prio r to nursing care procedures. The author uses the argument that the lack of discussion on informed consent does not negate its importance and it purpose which is to protect a patients autonomy .(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework. There is no specific perspectiveShow MoreRelatedResearch Critique Part 1736 Words   |  3 PagesResearch Critique Part 1 Jenna Franz Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS-433V Mary OConnell September 5, 2013 Research Critique Part 1 This paper will critique a qualitative research study published in the Journal of Medical Ethics in 2004, By Dr Helen Aveyard, about how nurses manage patients who refuse nursing care procedures. The article explains how nurses view informed consent as not being essential to nursing care procedures. Problem Statement The clinicalRead MoreNrs-433v Week 3 Research Critique, Part 1 Essay4217 Words   |  17 PagesNRS-433V Week 3 Research Critique, Part 1 To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/NRS-433VWeek3ResearchCritiquePart1/2854 contact us at: help@mindblows.us NRS-433V Week 3 Research Critique, Part 1 Introduction to Nursing Research – Theory, Design, and Sampling Prepare a critical analysis of a qualitative study focusing on the problem statement, study purpose, research question, literature review, and theoretical framework. This can be one of the selected articlesRead MoreResearch Critique, Part 1: Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction798 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Critique, Part 1: Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V 06-04-2016 PROBLEM STATEMENT: The broad research problem leading to this study is the belief that nursing shortage in facilities leads to patient safety issues. The review of available literature on this topic shows strong evidence that lower nurse staffing levels in hospitals are associated with worse patient outcomes. Some of these outcomes includeRead MoreNrs-433v Week 4 Benchmark - Research Critique Part 2709 Words   |  3 PagesNRS-433V Week 4 Benchmark - Research Critique Part 2 To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/NRS-433VWeek4Benchmark-ResearchCritiquePart2/2855 contact us at: help@mindblows.us NRS-433V Week 4 Benchmark - Research Critique Part 2 Prepare a critical analysis of a quantitative study focusing on protection of human participants, data collection, data management and analysis, problem statement, and interpretation of findings. The quantitative research article can be from yourRead MoreIs Conceptual Critiques Relevant for Psychology?1472 Words   |  6 PagesWe shall consider Skinner’s Operant Conditioning theory as another type of example on Conceptual Critiques (Skinner, 1963). His theory states that the best way to understand a behavior is to look at the association made between the behavior and the consequence of that behavior. Although Skinner’s primary interest was in human behavior, most of his research was done on animals using laboratory apparatus well known as the Skinner box. Hence, in his experiment, Skinner placed rats in the Skinner boxRead MoreArticle Critique Of Prison Privatization967 Words   |  4 Pages Article Critiques of Prison Privatization Tammy Martin Liberty University Abstract The following paper will examine two articles pertaining to prison privatization, and the reasons for advocacy for prison privatization, or for the opposition of prison privatization. Three authors write the first article examined the authors are Shaun Genter, Gregory Hooks, and Clayton Mosher. The article is entitled â€Å"Prisons, jobs and privatization: The impact of prisons on employment growth inRead MoreNur518 R7 Quantitative Article Analysis Worksheet Nc Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Quantitative Article Analysis Worksheet Analyze and critique a quantitative nursing research article from a nursing research journal published within the past five years. Include 3 scholarly references—the article, the text, and one outside source. Use the Guidelines for Quantitative Nursing Research Critique to complete the following steps: 1. State the purpose of the study and identify the problem. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often require enteralRead MoreEssay on Reflexivity1131 Words   |  5 PagesReflexivity When an ethnographer examines a group of people, she is influenced by her position and understanding of her own culture. Before an ethnographer even begins her research, her opinion is effecting the process of selecting a topic. For instance, Anthropology’s most commonly known researcher Bronslow Malinowsky wrote the Argonauts of the Western Pacific. He did not choose to study a culture similar to his own because of the interest he had in the ‘exotic’. His preferences toldRead MorePSY 325 Statistics for Behavioral and Social Science, Ashford1395 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿CLICK TO DOWNLOAD PSY 325 Statistics for Behavioral and Social Science, Ashford Week 1, Final Paper Topic Selection For the Final Paper, you will identify three to five research studies from peer-reviewed sources that were published within the last ten years, which investigate a particular social science problem or topic. The Final Paper will focus on critiquing the varying statistical approaches used in each of these studies. Your assignment this week is to identify the topic that youRead MoreCritique Of The Truth About Leadership1358 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CRITIQUE OF THE TRUTH ABOUT LEADERSHIP 1 CRITIQUE OF THE TRUTH ABOUT LEADERSHIP 5 Critique of The Truth about Leadership Renan Daghistani MAX ELLZEY, Ed.D, MBA, M.Div BSCI 635.25 LEADERSHIP and ETHICS Spring2016? Critique of The Truth about Leadership Introduction Kouzes and Posner provide ten universal truths of leadership. They posit that whereas the leadership context has changed since the commencement of their research, successful habits and behaviors have remained the

Anatomy Unit 6 Study Guide Free Essays

Unit 6 Study Guide 1. The types of muscles are smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Anatomy Unit 6 Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now The muscle is made up of myofibrils that allow for muscle contraction. 3. The parts of the myofibrils that allow for it to extend out are called the sacomere. 4. The nerve cell that connects to several muscle fibers called a motor neuron. 5. The thick ones are protein myosin. The thin ones are protein actin. 6. The chemicals that stimulate the muscle to contract are called neurotransmitters 7. Acetylcholine contracts the muscles. 8. Acetylcholines are stored at the end of each motor neuron. . The combination of the motor neuron and the muscles it controls are called a motor unit. 10. The energy storing molecule found in the mitochondrion is ATP (adenosine triphoshate). 11. If there is a lack of ATP then there will be muscle cramps. 12. The chemical that builds in the muscle caused by strenuous exercise is lactic acid. 13. The pigment that causes blood to be red is hemoglobin. 14. The pigment that causes the muscles to be brown is myoglobin. 15. The discoloration and swelling in a mu scle strain is caused by ruptured blood vessels. 16. After death where ATP decreased and muscles cannot relax the body then rigor mortis will take place. 17. A contraction then sudden relaxation of a muscle caused by a single stimulus is called a twitch. 18. The delay between the time the stimulus is applied and the time the muscle responds is called latent period. 19. Partially inflamed and swollen tendons are called tendonitis. 20. The immovable end of the joint is called the origin. 21. The movable end of the joint is called the insertion. 22. Muscular dystrophies is inherited disorder which causes the collapse of muscles. How to cite Anatomy Unit 6 Study Guide, Essay examples

Lockes Argument For The Origin And Practice free essay sample

Of Legitimate Authority Essay, Research Paper Locke? s Argument for the Origin and Practice of Legitimate Authority Through out clip there has been a changeless battle between the thoughts of societal control and the rights of the person. Even at the present clip there are conflicting sentiments on how much power the authorities should hold and how much power the person should hold over themselves. John Locke, like many before him, had an thought of how authorities and society should run. He attempts to invent an statement that will specify the bounds of political power while set uping the rights of opposition. Locke has many points that come together to make his statement. These are chiefly based on the basic rules that natural equality when combined with legitimate authorization will take people and their belongings, out of a province of nature and into a better, stronger, and more stable society. Locke? s chief point on belongings is that all human organic structures are belongings of that individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Lockes Argument For The Origin And Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He illustrates this position when he states, ? Through the Earth, and all inferior animals, be common to all work forces, yet every adult male has a belongings in his ain individual: this no organic structure has any right to but himself? ( P. 19 ) . It is clear that Locke # 8217 ; s thought of belongings does encompass the impression that the ego is the belongings of the individual and merely that single individual. Locke furthers his statement by explicating how a human can hold existent material belongings. In order to obtain material belongings 1 must blend whatever 1 wishes to have with the labor of their organic structure. He defines labour as something that makes common private. He puts certain bounds to existent stuff belongings by stating that person can merely have every bit much as they can utilize to any advantage without spoil and they must go forth plenty and every bit good for others. Locke besides touches on the establishment of bondage. Bondage in the voluntary or non-voluntary sense is prohibited under Locke # 8217 ; s statement. His grounds for why this act is prohibited are that when person has ownership of another individual they have the power to make with that individual? s life what they please. This is a direct misdemeanor because he has already set the premiss that each individual is the proprietor of himself, and if person else were to have another it would go against this premiss. The thought of bondage is besides prohibited because it goes against the jurisprudence of nature that lists self-preservation as being its figure one precedence. The jurisprudence of nature therefore ties into the belongings premiss and leads to an ultimate decision that bondage should non be. Locke provinces, ? Every one, as he is bound to continue himself, and non to discontinue his station wilfully, so by the similar ground, when his ain saving comes non in competition, ought he, every bit much as he can, to continue the remainder of world, and may non, unless it be to make justness on an wrongdoer, take away, or impair the life, or what tends to the saving of the life, the autonomy, wellness, limb, or goods of another? ( p.9 ) . This fundamentally sums up Locke? s jurisprudence of nature. He feels that the first responsibility of adult male is to continue himself above all other things, and next he should besides continue, every bit much as possible, his fellow adult male. Locke believes that in a province of nature every person has the authorization to put to death the jurisprudence of nature, but merely when the violent death of the wrongdoer will make justness. Justice of this type is defined as penalizing the offense for the bar of similar offense, which is stated to be the right of all individuals, and reparation which is entirely the right of the injured. Overall Locke does back up the violent death of liquidators if necessary for justness. The support roots from the thought of guaranteed protection the simple fact they will non be alive to harm once more. His feelings on this issue are illustrated clearly when he says, ? every adult male, in the province of nature, has a power to kill a liquidator, both to discourage others from making the similar hurt, which no reparation can counterbalance, by the illustration of penalty that attends it from every organic structure, and besides to procure work forces from the efforts of a condemnable? ( P. 11 ) . Locke doesn? T believe the province of nature is comparable to entire devastation of humanity or a snake pit, but he does see many jobs with it. The chief ground people pick to travel from the province of nature and into a society is for better protection of their belongings. He states that the two chief jobs with any type of belongings protection are that there are no common governments and human fondness gets in the manner when speech production of just penalty. In a more elaborate history he states the direct jobs with the province of nature are that there are no standings Torahs, apathetic Judgess, or dependable executive powers. All these jobs encompass one chief issue. This issue is that belongings, physical and material, needs to be protected in a more unafraid manner. The manner to obtain this higher security is to travel out of the province of nature and into a society. Locke first moves out of the province of nature and into society through the debut of consent. Consent is the necessary status that makes obeisance legitimate. To explicate what he means by consent he foremost explains how worlds can give consent and why they can give consent. He states that the thought of consent of all is the beginning of society. He states, ? For when any figure of work forces have, by the consent of every person, made a community, they have thereby made that community one organic structure, with a power to move as one organic structure, which is merely by the will and finding of the bulk? ( P. 52 ) . This clearly shows how important consent is to the rank of society, and non merely consent, but the consent of each and every member in that society. Their joint consent so makes for a bulk type of regulation. He believes to be portion of a society and to be obligated to follow the regulations of that society an person must first consent to being a portion of that so ciety. There are two different signifiers of consent. The first 1 is express consent while the 2nd is silent consent. Express consent is expressed consent while tacit is a soundless consent. Locke believes that expressed consent is obvious and non difficult to understand, while tacit is more hard to set up. Locke does nevertheless believe that if one, ? that hath any ownerships, or enjoyment, of any portion of the rules of any authorities, doth thereby give his silent consent, and is every bit far away obliged to obedience to the Torahs to that authorities? ( P. 53 ) . This fundamentally means if you live in a society where a authorities is established and you have belongings or are basking the society you are remaining in this is adequate for silent consent. Once a individual has consented, either with explicit or tacit, they are a portion of society. Society is made to continue the lives, autonomy and estates, which a ll make up belongings. When come ining into society people give up the power to make what they want for saving and the power to penalize others that they had in the province of nature. Since people did nevertheless hold the right to belongings in the province of nature, and would neer accept to be worse off than they were earlier, society must ever protect belongings. Along with the protection of belongings to do authorities legitimate there are certain conditions to be met. There must be publicity of the common good, unafraid belongings, constitution of a standing jurisprudence, apathetic Judgess, and an impartial executing of the jurisprudence. The statute law has bounds every bit good as responsibilities. The bounds are that there can? t be an absolute arbitrary regulation, belongings can? t be taken without consent, and there will be no unauthorised transportation of power. There can neer be an absolute monarchy and regulation will therefore so be limited. Locke believes that monarchy is a type of bondage and violates the jurisprudence of nature that so makes it wholly illegitimate. Locke believes that authorities? s chief intent is to protect belongings with indifferent Torahs, while besides prosecuting the overall common good of the society. He makes this position clear with his gap words for chapter 11 that province, ? The great terminal of work forces? s come ining into society, being the enjoyment of their belongingss in peace and safety, and the great instrument and agencies of that being the Torahs established in society? ( P. 69 ) . Sing that consent is the beginning of legitimate obeisance, when the authorities is making things that the people would non hold consented to, the people will be no longer obliged to obey. When he states, ? The ground for society is the saving of belongings. Whenever those in power enterprise to take away and destruct the belongings of the people, they put themselves in a province of war with the people. They forfeit authorization, which devolves to the people, who have the right to restart their original autonomy and set up a new legislative? ( P. 211 ) , Locke states clearly precisely when the people have a right to arise. He more specifically lists certain abuses of power that will enable individuals to arise over there authorities. They include the placing of arbitrary will in topographic point of the Torahs, impeding legislative from piecing, changing power construction or legal procedure without consent of the people, presenting people into subjugation of foreign power, neglecting to put to death Torahs, and in general robbing a individual from their belongings without consent. When this breach of power occurs, the society has a right to do new legislative. He farther states that people non merely have the right to halt misusage of power but besides to halt the misusage before it happens. Locke states that an expostulation claiming these premises will convey a pool a format for to much rebellion will happen. Locke believes that people can arise when authorization forfeits its power by ignoring what was antecedently consented to. Locke first responds to this expostulation and besides lays out a type of guideline for when people should arise by stating that when people are exposed plenty to the misusage of governmental power they will be ever be ready to defy. He so goes on to province that people wear? T Rebel because of one or two minor incommodiousnesss. They rebel when there are many wrongs and many unfair Torahs. He believes that rebellion occurs when the list of offenses is great and mimics a life worse than the province of nature. His 3rd rebuttal of the expostulation involves the thought that the people who will arise aren? Ts really the Rebels. He believes that those who try to unjustly obtain belongings are the existent Rebels. It follows that in world the bar of this unfair obtaining of belongings is truly the best manner to guard of rebellion in the first topographic point. The people who attempt to obtain belongings unjustly are Rebels because they are arising against what consent the people had given them to regulate their society. By interrupting this understanding to move in ways which merely antecedently consented to, the governments are really the 1s arising against the people, non the people arising against the authorities. Locke concludes by comparing the thought of people who rebel against the wrongs of their authorities to the thought that? work forces may non oppose robbers or plagiarists because this may occasion upset or bloodshed? ( P. 115 ) . By this statement he means that if person is taking from you something you have a right to, which in this instance is the right to a authorities based on consent, to non arise based on the thought that some aloha may happen is pathetic. Locke? s chief premises are that to be legitimate authorities must hold the consent of all people in a society and continue those single belongingss. He concludes from these premises that if the authorities does non make anything that violates the original consent or effort to deny a member of society belongings of any kind without consent so obeisance will be legitimate. In return, if the authorities does go against the consent of the people or deny them of any belongings without consent so the people have the right to arise and restart their original autonomy and set up a new legislative jurisprudence. The decisions do so follow from the premises. If the person must accept to acquire into society one time in it does follow that every bit long as what they consented to has non been abused or changed obeisance will be legitimate. Following, if an single consents to a society so an arbitrary power takes it a pool themselves to alter the thoughts originally consented to, the society wo uld in return have no duty to obey a jurisprudence they neer agreed to in constitution. Locke? s statement is sound. The decisions made by Locke do follow from the premises, and the premises are true. Locke? s premiss that to be legitimate authorities must hold the consent of all people in a society is right. A individual has consented to obedience and authorities when they agree to populate in a society, or bask that society. From this anyone make up ones minding to populate in that country where a society has been established has so consented to being portion of the society, either with express or silent consent. Therefore, it is true that a legitimate authorities will hold the consent of all the people, for if they are populating where that authorities operates, they will hold in some manner consented. It is besides true that saving of belongings is needed for legitimate authorities. In Locke? s province of nature a individual has belongings, and since no 1 would accept to society if it were worse than the province of nature, it follows that it must be true that belo ngings must be protected for society to be legitimate. Since Locke? s statement proves cogency and true premises it can be concluded that his statement for the legitimacy of obeisance is non merely valid but besides sound. 38d